Madrid · November · sunshine

Sunniest places to go from Madrid in November

The sunniest place you can reach from Madrid in November within 15 hours is Luxor, 10.6 h, costing 872 kg CO₂e return. The lowest-carbon option is Tomelloso at 4.5 kg — 194× less carbon, for 2.8 hours less sunshine.

The 10 sunniest places within 15 hours of Madrid

Ranked on sunshine in November alone, among well-known places (a Wikivoyage travel guide and at least 40,000 Wikipedia readers a year), one per area and at most three per country. The carbon is shown, not used to choose: the list further down is the other question, how much sunshine each extra kilogram buys.

Aswan, Egypt10.8 h · 23.2 °Cair 8h 36m · 902 kg CO₂e return
Luxor, Egypt10.6 h · 22.9 °Cair 8h 30m · 872 kg CO₂e return
Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt10.3 h · 24.6 °Cair 8h 30m · 873 kg CO₂e return
Aqaba, Jordan9.9 h · 22.3 °Cair 8h 24m · 929 kg CO₂e return
Essaouira, Morocco9.7 h · 19.6 °Cair 5h · 284 kg CO₂e return
Agadir, Morocco9.7 h · 20.9 °Cair 5h 6m · 310 kg CO₂e return
Heraklion, Greece9.7 h · 17.0 °Cair 6h 54m · 650 kg CO₂e return
Sfax, Tunisia9.6 h · 18.7 °Cair 5h 24m · 357 kg CO₂e return
Ouarzazate, Morocco9.6 h · 15.5 °Cair 5h · 275 kg CO₂e return
Almería, Spain9.5 h · 17.2 °Crail 6h 54m · 12.2 kg CO₂e return

Without flying

The sunniest places the train reaches within 15 hours. Almería is 9.5 h for 12.2 kg — about 74× less carbon than flying to Aswan.

Almería, Spain9.5 h · 17.2 °Crail 6h 54m · 12.2 kg CO₂e return
Elche, Spain9.1 h · 16.7 °Crail 4h 36m · 10.4 kg CO₂e return
Benidorm, Spain8.9 h · 16.6 °Crail 4h 54m · 10.9 kg CO₂e return
Marbella, Spain8.7 h · 16.9 °Crail 5h 18m · 13.2 kg CO₂e return
Portimão, Portugal8.2 h · 16.7 °Crail 8h 18m · 16.4 kg CO₂e return
Turin, Italy7.9 h · 6.1 °Crail 13h 54m · 31.4 kg CO₂e return

Rail times are modelled; air times include getting to and through the airport.

The low-carbon trade-off

Every destination here is on the efficiency frontier: nowhere else this site covers is both sunnier in November and lower in carbon. Anything a better option beats outright has been left out.

Where they are. Solid lines are rail or ferry, dashed are flights, from Madrid. Pick one to compare.

By rail or ferry By air

Carbon against sunshine, November, departing Madrid. Journeys of up to 15 hours each way.

November from Madrid — 5 destinations on the frontier, 4 without flying.
Destination	How	CO₂e return	Temp	Sun/day	Rain/day	Journey
Tomelloso, Spain	Rail	4.5 kg	11.5 °C	7.8 h	0.4 mm	3h 42m
Hellin, Spain	Rail	8.1 kg	13.7 °C	8.8 h	0.4 mm	5h 24m
Elda, Spain	Rail	9.7 kg	15.0 °C	9.2 h	0.3 mm	4h 42m
Almería, Spain	Rail	12.2 kg	17.2 °C	9.5 h	0.6 mm	6h 54m
Luxor, Egypt	Air	872 kg	22.9 °C	10.6 h	0.0 mm	8h 30m

Warm is not the same as pleasant, which is why sunshine and rainfall are shown alongside temperature. All three are ERA5 monthly means for 2023–2024.

Where the curve breaks

The frontier is gentle until it isn't. Going from Almería (12.2 kg, 9.5 h) to Luxor (872 kg, 10.6 h) buys 1.1 hours more sunshine for an extra 860 kg — 782 kg of CO₂e per hour. That single step is the most expensive sunshine on the whole curve.

The pick of them

TomellosoSpain4.5 kg CO₂e return11.5 °C · 7.8 h sun · 3h 42m by railmild and bright

AlmeríaSpain12.2 kg CO₂e return17.2 °C · 9.5 h sun · 6h 54m by railwarm, bright and dry

LuxorEgypt872 kg CO₂e return22.9 °C · 10.6 h sun · 8h 30m by airwarm, bright and dry

The same month, asked differently

November answers differently depending on what you are after, and the lists genuinely diverge: the brightest places are not the hottest, and in summer the useful question stops being where is warm at all.

Where to stay in Luxor

Places to stay in Luxor, Egypt, on a live map. Prices and availability come from Stay22 and its booking partners.

Search places to stay in Luxor →Opens the booking search in a new tab. Same partners as the map below.

Affiliate disclosure. A booking made through this map may earn 0xCarbon a commission, at no extra cost to you. It changes nothing above it: the emissions figures come from UK Government conversion factors and are computed before anyone is paid anything.See the method.

Other months from Madrid

November from elsewhere

Photo credits

Tomelloso: Zarateman, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
Almería: Javier rodriguez jimenez, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Luxor: Roland Unger, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Aswan: Vyacheslav Argenberg, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Sharm el-Sheikh: Tanya Dedyukhina, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Aqaba: Sana Janakat, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Essaouira: Kayaky, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Agadir: Marco Riss, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Heraklion: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Sfax: Csisc, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Ouarzazate: Bjørn Christian Tørrissen, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Benidorm: Simon Cobb, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
Portimão: Jose A., CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Questions

Where is the sunniest place to go from Madrid in November?

Luxor, Egypt, at 10.6 h. Reaching it emits 872 kg CO₂e return, travelling 8h 30m each way by air (modelled).

Can I get somewhere sunny from Madrid in November without flying?

Yes. Almería reaches 9.5 h and is reachable by rail or ferry in 6h 54m (modelled), emitting 12.2 kg CO₂e return — though Luxor is sunnier still, if you fly.

How much carbon does a return trip from Madrid to Luxor produce?

872 kg CO₂e for one person, return, by air. That uses the UK Government's 2026 conversion factors, including radiative forcing for flights.

Carbon uses UK Government (DESNZ/DEFRA) 2026 conversion factors applied to great-circle distance, with radiative forcing included for flights. Rail journey times are modelled estimates, not timetabled services. Full method · download the data.