Berlin · September · sunshine

Sunniest places to go from Berlin in September

In September, the sunniest well-known place within 15 hours of Berlin is Alexandria, Egypt, 11.9 h of sun a day and 27.4 °C, about 7h 6m each way by air. Without flying, it is Marseille, France, 10.7 h of sun a day, about 14h 42m each way by train, for about 20× less carbon (35.0 kg CO₂e return against 685 kg).

The 10 sunniest places within 15 hours of Berlin

Ranked on sunshine in September alone, among well-known places (a Wikivoyage travel guide and at least 40,000 Wikipedia readers a year), one per area and at most three per country. The carbon is shown, not used to choose: the list further down is the other question, how much sunshine each extra kilogram buys.

Alexandria, Egypt11.9 h · 27.4 °C · mostly dry · sea 28.7 °Cair ≈ 7h 6m · 685 kg CO₂e return
Marmaris, Turkey11.8 h · 26.5 °C · mostly dryair ≈ 6h 18m · 526 kg CO₂e return
Fethiye, Turkey11.8 h · 26.0 °C · 1.6 mm rain a day · sea 27.7 °Cair ≈ 6h 24m · 541 kg CO₂e return
Bodrum, Turkey11.8 h · 26.2 °C · mostly dry · sea 26.0 °Cair ≈ 6h 12m · 513 kg CO₂e return
Rhodes, Greece11.8 h · 27.0 °C · mostly dry · sea 27.4 °Cair ≈ 6h 18m · 536 kg CO₂e return
Damietta, Egypt11.7 h · 27.2 °C · mostly dry · sea 28.8 °Cair ≈ 7h 12m · 699 kg CO₂e return
Al Fayyum, Egypt11.7 h · 30.3 °C · mostly dryair ≈ 7h 24m · 742 kg CO₂e return
Limassol, Cyprus11.6 h · 26.6 °C · mostly dry · sea 27.4 °Cair ≈ 6h 54m · 634 kg CO₂e return
Amman, Jordan11.6 h · 24.9 °C · mostly dryair ≈ 7h 24m · 734 kg CO₂e return
Heraklion, Greece11.6 h · 24.0 °C · mostly dry · sea 25.9 °Cair ≈ 6h 18m · 534 kg CO₂e return

Without flying

The sunniest places the train reaches within 15 hours. Marseille is 10.7 h for 35.0 kg — about 20× less carbon than flying to Alexandria.

Marseille, France10.7 h · 20.6 °C · 2.2 mm rain a day · sea 22.9 °Crail ≈ 14h 42m · 35.0 kg CO₂e return
Perugia, Italy10.5 h · 18.9 °C · 3.0 mm rain a dayrail ≈ 14h 36m · 31.0 kg CO₂e return
Florence, Italy10.5 h · 21.1 °C · 3.4 mm rain a dayrail ≈ 13h 24m · 29.1 kg CO₂e return
Bialystok, Poland10.4 h · 18.0 °C · mostly dryrail ≈ 11h 6m · 19.4 kg CO₂e return
Nice, France10.3 h · 21.2 °C · 3.3 mm rain a day · sea 24.2 °Crail ≈ 15h · 31.9 kg CO₂e return
Avignon, France10.3 h · 20.1 °C · 3.1 mm rain a dayrail ≈ 14h 12m · 33.8 kg CO₂e return

≈ is the model's estimate (air times include getting to and through the airport); ✓ is a rail journey checked against a real timetable, with the date it was checked. Temperatures are historical daily means for 2023–2024, averaged across day and night, so afternoons run warmer.

The low-carbon trade-off

The sunniest place you can reach from Berlin in September within 15 hours is Izmir, 11.6 h, costing 476 kg CO₂e return. The lowest-carbon option is Zary at 4.5 kg — 106× less carbon, for 2.0 hours less sunshine.

Every destination here is on the efficiency frontier: nowhere else this site covers is both sunnier in September and lower in carbon. Anything a better option beats outright has been left out.

Where they are. Solid lines are rail or ferry, dashed are flights, from Berlin. Pick one to compare.

By rail or ferry By air

Carbon against sunshine, September, departing Berlin. Journeys of up to 15 hours each way.

September from Berlin — 4 destinations on the frontier, 2 without flying.
Destination	How	CO₂e return	Temp	Sun/day	Rain/day	Journey
Zary, Poland	Rail	4.5 kg	17.7 °C	9.6 h	1.7 mm	4h 12m
Foligno, Italy	Rail	31.4 kg	20.4 °C	10.6 h	2.0 mm	14h 54m
Mangalia, Romania	Air	372 kg	21.1 °C	11.1 h	1.7 mm	5h 30m
Izmir, Turkey	Air	476 kg	24.9 °C	11.6 h	1.0 mm	6h

Warm is not the same as pleasant, which is why sunshine and rainfall are shown alongside temperature. All three are ERA5 monthly means for 2023–2024.

Where the curve breaks

The frontier is gentle until it isn't. Going from Foligno (31.4 kg, 10.6 h) to Mangalia (372 kg, 11.1 h) buys 0.5 hours more sunshine for an extra 341 kg — 681 kg of CO₂e per hour. That single step is the most expensive sunshine on the whole curve.

The pick of them

ZaryPoland4.5 kg CO₂e return17.7 °C · 9.6 h sun · 4h 12m by railwarm overall FolignoItaly31.4 kg CO₂e return20.4 °C · 10.6 h sun · 14h 54m by railwarm overall

IzmirTurkey476 kg CO₂e return24.9 °C · 11.6 h sun · 6h by airwarm, bright and dry

The same month, asked differently

September answers differently depending on what you are after, and the lists genuinely diverge: the brightest places are not the hottest, and in summer the useful question stops being where is warm at all.

Where to stay in Izmir

Places to stay in Izmir, Turkey, on a live map. Prices and availability come from Stay22 and its booking partners.

Search places to stay in Izmir →Opens the booking search in a new tab. Same partners as the map below.

Affiliate disclosure. A booking made through this map may earn 0xCarbon a commission, at no extra cost to you. It changes nothing above it: the emissions figures come from UK Government conversion factors and are computed before anyone is paid anything.See the method.

Other months from Berlin

September from elsewhere

Photo credits

Zary: Krzysztof Golik, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Izmir: Rafaela Ely, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Alexandria: ASaber91, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Marmaris: Mstyslav Chernov, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Fethiye: https://www.flickr.com/photos/astolath/, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Bodrum: The 3B's, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Rhodes: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Damietta: Mohamed Eissa, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Al Fayyum: Roland Unger, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Limassol: Xaris333, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Amman: David Bjorgen, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Heraklion: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Marseille: kallerna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Bialystok: Emilia Ernst, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Nice: Moody Dreiza (Moody751 at English Wikipedia), CC BY 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons
Avignon: Jean-Marc Rosier (de/from http://www.cjrosier.com + http://www.gordes-immobilier.com), CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Questions

Where is the sunniest place to go from Berlin in September?

Izmir, Turkey, at 11.6 h. Reaching it emits 476 kg CO₂e return, travelling 6h each way by air (modelled).

Can I get somewhere sunny from Berlin in September without flying?

Yes. Foligno reaches 10.6 h and is reachable by rail or ferry in 14h 54m (modelled), emitting 31.4 kg CO₂e return — though Izmir is sunnier still, if you fly.

How much carbon does a return trip from Berlin to Izmir produce?

476 kg CO₂e for one person, return, by air. That uses the UK Government's 2026 conversion factors, including radiative forcing for flights.

Carbon uses UK Government (DESNZ/DEFRA) 2026 conversion factors applied to great-circle distance, with radiative forcing included for flights. Rail journey times are modelled estimates, not timetabled services. Full method · download the data.