Florence
Reaching Florence from Rome emits 6.9 kg CO₂e return by rail (5h 12m each way) against 58.8 kg by air — 9× the carbon. It averages 26.7 °C in July and 7.2 °C in December.
Getting there
| From | Distance | By rail | Rail time | By air | Air time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam | 1,065 km | 31.4 kg | 16h 36m | 268 kg | 4h 54m |
| Barcelona | 790 km | 23.3 kg | 12h 48m | 199 kg | 4h 36m |
| Berlin | 985 km | 29.1 kg | 15h 30m | 248 kg | 4h 48m |
| Birmingham | 1,370 km | 48.7 kg | 20h 42m | 345 kg | 5h 18m |
| Bristol | 1,340 km | 49.4 kg | 20h 54m | 337 kg | 5h 18m |
| Brussels | 942 km | 27.8 kg | 14h 54m | 237 kg | 4h 48m |
| Cardiff | 1,375 km | 52.6 kg | 21h 24m | 346 kg | 5h 18m |
| Copenhagen | 1,326 km | 39.1 kg | 20h 6m | 334 kg | 5h 18m |
| Dublin | 1,662 km | — | — | 418 kg | 5h 42m |
| Edinburgh | 1,697 km | 78.5 kg | 25h 48m | 427 kg | 5h 48m |
| Frankfurt | 731 km | 21.6 kg | 12h | 184 kg | 4h 30m |
| Glasgow | 1,736 km | 80.3 kg | 26h 6m | 437 kg | 5h 48m |
| Leeds | 1,451 km | 57.5 kg | 22h 12m | 365 kg | 5h 24m |
| Lisbon | 1,790 km | 52.8 kg | 26h 30m | 450 kg | 5h 54m |
| Liverpool | 1,492 km | 58.7 kg | 22h 24m | 375 kg | 5h 30m |
| London | 1,208 km | 35.7 kg | 18h 30m | 304 kg | 5h 6m |
| Madrid | 1,287 km | 38.0 kg | 19h 36m | 324 kg | 5h 12m |
| Manchester | 1,460 km | 56.7 kg | 22h 6m | 367 kg | 5h 24m |
| Milan | 248 km | 7.3 kg | 5h 24m | 62.4 kg | 3h 48m |
| Munich | 485 km | 14.3 kg | 8h 36m | 122 kg | 4h 6m |
| Newcastle | 1,549 km | 67.6 kg | 24h | 390 kg | 5h 36m |
| Nottingham | 1,367 km | 49.7 kg | 20h 54m | 344 kg | 5h 18m |
| Oslo | 1,794 km | 52.9 kg | 26h 36m | 451 kg | 5h 54m |
| Paris | 885 km | 26.1 kg | 14h 6m | 223 kg | 4h 42m |
| Prague | 742 km | 21.9 kg | 12h 6m | 187 kg | 4h 30m |
| Rome | 234 km | 6.9 kg | 5h 12m | 58.8 kg | 3h 48m |
| Sheffield | 1,415 km | 53.9 kg | 21h 36m | 356 kg | 5h 24m |
| Southampton | 1,237 km | 44.6 kg | 20h | 311 kg | 5h 6m |
| Stockholm | 1,790 km | 52.8 kg | 26h 30m | 450 kg | 5h 54m |
| Vienna | 632 km | 18.6 kg | 10h 36m | 159 kg | 4h 18m |
| Warsaw | 1,186 km | 35.0 kg | 18h 12m | 298 kg | 5h 6m |
| Zurich | 451 km | 13.3 kg | 8h 12m | 113 kg | 4h 6m |
The year in Florence
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp °C | 7.3 | 8.4 | 11.4 | 13.3 | 17.4 | 21.8 | 26.7 | 26.6 | 21.1 | 18.0 | 11.0 | 7.2 |
| Sun h/day | 6.1 | 6.5 | 8.2 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 12.7 | 14.1 | 12.4 | 10.5 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 5.8 |
| Rain mm/day | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 2.6 |
When to go
Florence is warmest in July at 26.7 °C, and that is also its brightest month. Its coldest is December at 7.2 °C.
Staying there
A hotel room in Italy emits about 14.3 kg CO₂e per night under UK Government 2026 factors, so a week adds roughly 100 kg — about 14.5× the carbon of getting there by rail from Rome.
How busy it gets
Firenze records 15.8 overnight stays per resident a year (15,659,580 nights in 2025). A well-visited region, busy in season but not overwhelmed.
Eurostat, nights spent at tourist accommodation by NUTS 3 region, against resident population. Shown for context only — it plays no part in which destinations appear or in what order. Eurostat does not cover the United Kingdom after 2016, nor North Africa or the Levant at all, so this figure is absent for roughly a third of the destinations here.
Where to stay in Florence
Places to stay in Florence, Italy, on a live map. Prices and availability come from Stay22 and its booking partners.
Affiliate disclosure. A booking made through this map may earn 0xCarbon a commission, at no extra cost to you. It changes nothing above it: the emissions figures come from UK Government conversion factors and are computed before anyone is paid anything.See the method.
Distances are great-circle. Rail assumes international rail at 0.01135 kg CO₂e per passenger-km with a 1.3× track detour allowance; flights use 0.12576 kg per passenger-km including radiative forcing. Journey times are modelled, not timetabled. Full method.