Florence
Reaching Florence from London emits 35.7 kg CO₂e return by rail (15h 36m each way) against 304 kg by air — 9× the carbon. It averages 26.7 °C in July and 7.2 °C in December.
When to go: Florence is warmest in July (26.7 °C); coldest in December (7.2 °C). Month by month
Getting there
| From | Distance | By rail | Rail time | By air | Air time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam | 1,065 km | 31.4 kg | 16h | 268 kg | 4h 54m |
| Barcelona | 790 km | 23.3 kg | 13h 24m | 199 kg | 4h 36m |
| Berlin | 985 km | 29.1 kg | 13h 24m | 248 kg | 4h 48m |
| Birmingham | 1,370 km | 48.7 kg | 18h 18m | 345 kg | 5h 18m |
| Bristol | 1,340 km | 49.4 kg | 18h 36m | 337 kg | 5h 18m |
| Brussels | 942 km | 27.8 kg | 14h 6m | 237 kg | 4h 48m |
| Cardiff | 1,375 km | 52.6 kg | 18h 54m | 346 kg | 5h 18m |
| Copenhagen | 1,326 km | 39.1 kg | 21h 12m | 334 kg | 5h 18m |
| Dublin | 1,662 km | — | — | 418 kg | 5h 42m |
| Edinburgh | 1,697 km | 78.5 kg | 21h 18m | 427 kg | 5h 48m |
| Frankfurt | 731 km | 21.6 kg | 12h 18m | 184 kg | 4h 30m |
| Glasgow | 1,736 km | 80.3 kg | 21h 30m | 437 kg | 5h 48m |
| Leeds | 1,451 km | 57.5 kg | 19h 12m | 365 kg | 5h 24m |
| Lisbon | 1,790 km | 52.8 kg | 27h 48m | 450 kg | 5h 54m |
| Liverpool | 1,492 km | 58.7 kg | 19h 12m | 375 kg | 5h 30m |
| London | 1,208 km | 35.7 kg | 15h 36m | 304 kg | 5h 6m |
| Madrid | 1,287 km | 38.0 kg | 16h 30m | 324 kg | 5h 12m |
| Manchester | 1,460 km | 56.7 kg | 19h 6m | 367 kg | 5h 24m |
| Milan | 248 km | 7.3 kg | 3h 6m | 62.4 kg | 3h 48m |
| Munich | 485 km | 14.3 kg | 9h | 122 kg | 4h 6m |
| Newcastle | 1,549 km | 67.6 kg | 19h 48m | 390 kg | 5h 36m |
| Nottingham | 1,367 km | 49.7 kg | 18h 42m | 344 kg | 5h 18m |
| Oslo | 1,794 km | 52.9 kg | 27h 54m | 451 kg | 5h 54m |
| Paris | 885 km | 26.1 kg | 11h 12m | 223 kg | 4h 42m |
| Prague | 742 km | 21.9 kg | 12h 42m | 187 kg | 4h 30m |
| Rome | 234 km | 6.9 kg | 3h | 58.8 kg | 3h 48m |
| Sheffield | 1,415 km | 53.9 kg | 19h | 356 kg | 5h 24m |
| Southampton | 1,237 km | 44.6 kg | 18h 18m | 311 kg | 5h 6m |
| Stockholm | 1,790 km | 52.8 kg | 26h 6m | 450 kg | 5h 54m |
| Vienna | 632 km | 18.6 kg | 11h 6m | 159 kg | 4h 18m |
| Warsaw | 1,186 km | 35.0 kg | 18h 42m | 298 kg | 5h 6m |
| Zurich | 451 km | 13.3 kg | 7h 30m | 113 kg | 4h 6m |
The year in Florence
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp °C | 7.3 | 8.4 | 11.4 | 13.3 | 17.4 | 21.8 | 26.7 | 26.6 | 21.1 | 18.0 | 11.0 | 7.2 |
| Sun h/day | 6.1 | 6.5 | 8.2 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 12.7 | 14.1 | 12.4 | 10.5 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 5.8 |
| Rain mm/day | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 2.6 |
When to go
Florence is warmest in July at 26.7 °C, and that is also its brightest month. Its coldest is December at 7.2 °C.
On these lists
Three months worth booking
The same year of measurements, decided rather than tabulated. Each opens the map below on dates in that month.
Staying there
A hotel room in Italy emits about 14.3 kg CO₂e per night under UK Government 2026 factors — a country average per occupied room, not this or any particular hotel. 7 nights in one room adds roughly 100 kg — about 14.5× the carbon of one person getting there by rail from Rome. Two sharing the room halve that share each; the journey does not halve.
How busy it gets
Firenze records 15.8 overnight stays per resident a year (15,659,580 nights in 2025). A well-visited region, busy in season but not overwhelmed.
Eurostat, nights spent at tourist accommodation by NUTS 3 region, against resident population. Shown for context only — it plays no part in which destinations appear or in what order. Eurostat does not cover the United Kingdom after 2016, nor North Africa or the Levant at all, so this figure is absent for roughly a third of the destinations here.
Where to stay in Florence
Places to stay in Florence, Italy, on a live map. Prices and availability come from Stay22 and its booking partners.
Search places to stay in Florence →Opens the booking search in a new tab. Same partners as the map below.
Affiliate disclosure. A booking made through this map may earn 0xCarbon a commission, at no extra cost to you. It changes nothing above it: the emissions figures come from UK Government conversion factors and are computed before anyone is paid anything.See the method.
Distances are great-circle. Rail assumes international rail at 0.01135 kg CO₂e per passenger-km with a 1.3× track detour allowance; flights use 0.12576 kg per passenger-km including radiative forcing. Journey times are modelled, not timetabled. Full method.