Rome
Reaching Rome from Milan emits 14.1 kg CO₂e return by rail (8h 30m each way) against 120 kg by air — 9× the carbon. It averages 28.0 °C in July and 8.8 °C in January.
Getting there
| From | Distance | By rail | Rail time | By air | Air time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam | 1,299 km | 38.3 kg | 19h 48m | 327 kg | 5h 12m |
| Barcelona | 862 km | 25.4 kg | 13h 48m | 217 kg | 4h 36m |
| Berlin | 1,184 km | 34.9 kg | 18h 12m | 298 kg | 5h 6m |
| Birmingham | 1,598 km | 55.4 kg | 23h 54m | 402 kg | 5h 36m |
| Bristol | 1,563 km | 56.1 kg | 24h | 393 kg | 5h 36m |
| Brussels | 1,175 km | 34.7 kg | 18h 6m | 296 kg | 5h 6m |
| Cardiff | 1,597 km | 59.3 kg | 24h 30m | 402 kg | 5h 36m |
| Copenhagen | 1,533 km | 45.2 kg | 23h | 386 kg | 5h 30m |
| Dublin | 1,886 km | — | — | 474 kg | 6h |
| Edinburgh | 1,930 km | 85.3 kg | 28h 54m | 485 kg | 6h 6m |
| Frankfurt | 961 km | 28.3 kg | 15h 6m | 242 kg | 4h 48m |
| Glasgow | 1,968 km | 87.0 kg | 29h 12m | 495 kg | 6h 6m |
| Leeds | 1,683 km | 64.2 kg | 25h 24m | 423 kg | 5h 42m |
| Lisbon | 1,865 km | 55.0 kg | 27h 30m | 469 kg | 6h |
| Liverpool | 1,721 km | 65.4 kg | 25h 36m | 433 kg | 5h 48m |
| London | 1,435 km | 42.4 kg | 21h 36m | 361 kg | 5h 24m |
| Madrid | 1,365 km | 40.3 kg | 20h 42m | 343 kg | 5h 18m |
| Manchester | 1,690 km | 63.4 kg | 25h 12m | 425 kg | 5h 48m |
| Milan | 479 km | 14.1 kg | 8h 30m | 120 kg | 4h 6m |
| Munich | 698 km | 20.6 kg | 11h 36m | 176 kg | 4h 24m |
| Newcastle | 1,782 km | 74.3 kg | 27h 6m | 448 kg | 5h 54m |
| Nottingham | 1,597 km | 56.4 kg | 24h | 402 kg | 5h 36m |
| Oslo | 2,007 km | 59.2 kg | 29h 30m | 505 kg | 6h 12m |
| Paris | 1,107 km | 32.7 kg | 17h 6m | 278 kg | 5h |
| Prague | 923 km | 27.2 kg | 14h 36m | 232 kg | 4h 42m |
| Sheffield | 1,646 km | 60.6 kg | 24h 48m | 414 kg | 5h 42m |
| Southampton | 1,459 km | 51.3 kg | 23h 12m | 367 kg | 5h 24m |
| Stockholm | 1,977 km | 58.3 kg | 29h | 497 kg | 6h 6m |
| Vienna | 765 km | 22.6 kg | 12h 30m | 192 kg | 4h 30m |
| Warsaw | 1,316 km | 38.8 kg | 20h | 331 kg | 5h 18m |
| Zurich | 685 km | 20.2 kg | 11h 24m | 172 kg | 4h 24m |
The year in Rome
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp °C | 8.8 | 9.3 | 12.2 | 14.0 | 17.9 | 22.9 | 28.0 | 27.1 | 22.3 | 19.3 | 13.1 | 9.2 |
| Sun h/day | 7.0 | 8.2 | 9.2 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 13.3 | 13.9 | 12.8 | 10.8 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 7.1 |
| Rain mm/day | 2.6 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 1.9 |
When to go
Rome is warmest in July at 28.0 °C, and that is also its brightest month. Its coldest is January at 8.8 °C.
Staying there
A hotel room in Italy emits about 14.3 kg CO₂e per night under UK Government 2026 factors, so a week adds roughly 100 kg — about 7.1× the carbon of getting there by rail from Milan.
How busy it gets
Roma records 13.3 overnight stays per resident a year (56,002,908 nights in 2025). A well-visited region, busy in season but not overwhelmed.
Eurostat, nights spent at tourist accommodation by NUTS 3 region, against resident population. Shown for context only — it plays no part in which destinations appear or in what order. Eurostat does not cover the United Kingdom after 2016, nor North Africa or the Levant at all, so this figure is absent for roughly a third of the destinations here.
Where to stay in Rome
Places to stay in Rome, Italy, on a live map. Prices and availability come from Stay22 and its booking partners.
Affiliate disclosure. A booking made through this map may earn 0xCarbon a commission, at no extra cost to you. It changes nothing above it: the emissions figures come from UK Government conversion factors and are computed before anyone is paid anything.See the method.
Distances are great-circle. Rail assumes international rail at 0.01135 kg CO₂e per passenger-km with a 1.3× track detour allowance; flights use 0.12576 kg per passenger-km including radiative forcing. Journey times are modelled, not timetabled. Full method.