Madrid
Reaching Madrid from Barcelona emits 14.9 kg CO₂e return by rail (8h 54m each way) against 127 kg by air — 9× the carbon. It averages 28.2 °C in August and 6.0 °C in December.
Getting there
| From | Distance | By rail | Rail time | By air | Air time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam | 1,481 km | 43.7 kg | 22h 18m | 373 kg | 5h 30m |
| Barcelona | 504 km | 14.9 kg | 8h 54m | 127 kg | 4h 12m |
| Berlin | 1,870 km | 55.2 kg | 27h 36m | 470 kg | 6h |
| Birmingham | 1,349 km | 50.4 kg | 21h 30m | 339 kg | 5h 18m |
| Bristol | 1,230 km | 51.0 kg | 21h 36m | 310 kg | 5h 6m |
| Brussels | 1,316 km | 38.8 kg | 20h | 331 kg | 5h 18m |
| Cardiff | 1,231 km | 54.3 kg | 22h 12m | 310 kg | 5h 6m |
| Copenhagen | 2,072 km | 61.2 kg | 30h 24m | 521 kg | 6h 18m |
| Dublin | 1,449 km | — | — | 365 kg | 5h 24m |
| Edinburgh | 1,728 km | 80.2 kg | 26h 36m | 435 kg | 5h 48m |
| Frankfurt | 1,446 km | 42.7 kg | 21h 48m | 364 kg | 5h 24m |
| Glasgow | 1,718 km | 81.9 kg | 26h 54m | 432 kg | 5h 48m |
| Leeds | 1,497 km | 59.1 kg | 23h | 376 kg | 5h 30m |
| Lisbon | 503 km | 14.9 kg | 8h 54m | 127 kg | 4h 12m |
| Liverpool | 1,446 km | 60.3 kg | 23h 12m | 364 kg | 5h 24m |
| London | 1,264 km | 37.3 kg | 19h 18m | 318 kg | 5h 12m |
| Manchester | 1,457 km | 58.3 kg | 22h 54m | 366 kg | 5h 24m |
| Milan | 1,188 km | 35.1 kg | 18h 18m | 299 kg | 5h 6m |
| Munich | 1,484 km | 43.8 kg | 22h 18m | 373 kg | 5h 30m |
| Newcastle | 1,626 km | 69.3 kg | 24h 42m | 409 kg | 5h 42m |
| Nottingham | 1,407 km | 51.4 kg | 21h 42m | 354 kg | 5h 24m |
| Oslo | 2,388 km | 70.5 kg | 34h 42m | 601 kg | 6h 42m |
| Paris | 1,052 km | 31.1 kg | 16h 24m | 265 kg | 4h 54m |
| Prague | 1,772 km | 52.3 kg | 26h 18m | 446 kg | 5h 54m |
| Rome | 1,365 km | 40.3 kg | 20h 42m | 343 kg | 5h 18m |
| Sheffield | 1,452 km | 55.6 kg | 22h 24m | 365 kg | 5h 24m |
| Southampton | 1,180 km | 46.2 kg | 20h 48m | 297 kg | 5h 6m |
| Stockholm | 2,593 km | 76.5 kg | 37h 30m | 652 kg | 7h |
| Vienna | 1,809 km | 53.4 kg | 26h 48m | 455 kg | 5h 54m |
| Warsaw | 2,290 km | 67.6 kg | 33h 18m | 576 kg | 6h 36m |
| Zurich | 1,247 km | 36.8 kg | 19h 6m | 314 kg | 5h 12m |
The year in Madrid
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp °C | 6.1 | 7.4 | 11.2 | 15.6 | 17.6 | 22.4 | 28.1 | 28.2 | 19.7 | 16.3 | 10.9 | 6.0 |
| Sun h/day | 6.6 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 11.9 | 12.6 | 12.3 | 14.0 | 12.7 | 10.7 | 7.9 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
| Rain mm/day | 1.6 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 |
When to go
Madrid is warmest in August at 28.2 °C but brightest in July, averaging 14.0 hours of sun a day — the two do not always coincide, which is worth knowing before booking. Its coldest is December at 6.0 °C.
Staying there
A hotel room in Spain emits about 7 kg CO₂e per night under UK Government 2026 factors, so a week adds roughly 49 kg — about 3.3× the carbon of getting there by rail from Barcelona.
How busy it gets
Madrid records 4.5 overnight stays per resident a year (32,320,997 nights in 2024). Comparatively quiet by European standards.
Eurostat, nights spent at tourist accommodation by NUTS 3 region, against resident population. Shown for context only — it plays no part in which destinations appear or in what order. Eurostat does not cover the United Kingdom after 2016, nor North Africa or the Levant at all, so this figure is absent for roughly a third of the destinations here.
Where to stay in Madrid
Places to stay in Madrid, Spain, on a live map. Prices and availability come from Stay22 and its booking partners.
Affiliate disclosure. A booking made through this map may earn 0xCarbon a commission, at no extra cost to you. It changes nothing above it: the emissions figures come from UK Government conversion factors and are computed before anyone is paid anything.See the method.
Distances are great-circle. Rail assumes international rail at 0.01135 kg CO₂e per passenger-km with a 1.3× track detour allowance; flights use 0.12576 kg per passenger-km including radiative forcing. Journey times are modelled, not timetabled. Full method.