Caldas da Rainha

Reaching Caldas da Rainha from London emits 44.7 kg CO₂e return by rail (22h 18m each way) against 381 kg by air — 9× the carbon. It averages 20.0 °C in August and 12.0 °C in December.
Caldas da Rainha is a city in Portugal's Oeste region, about 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Atlantic Ocean and 90 km (56 mi) north of Lisbon. — Wikivoyage, CC BY-SA 4.0
When to go: Caldas da Rainha is warmest in August (20.0 °C), sunniest in July (12.9 h a day); coldest in December (12.0 °C). Month by month
Getting there
| From | Distance | By rail | Rail time | By air | Air time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam | 1,799 km | 53.1 kg | 22h 42m | 452 kg | 5h 54m |
| Barcelona | 981 km | 29.0 kg | 12h | 247 kg | 4h 48m |
| Berlin | 2,256 km | 66.6 kg | 28h | 568 kg | 6h 30m |
| Birmingham | 1,556 km | 57.8 kg | 25h | 391 kg | 5h 36m |
| Bristol | 1,433 km | 58.5 kg | 25h 18m | 360 kg | 5h 24m |
| Brussels | 1,650 km | 48.7 kg | 20h 42m | 415 kg | 5h 42m |
| Cardiff | 1,420 km | 61.7 kg | 25h 36m | 357 kg | 5h 24m |
| Copenhagen | 2,414 km | 71.2 kg | 33h 30m | 607 kg | 6h 42m |
| Dublin | 1,564 km | — | — | 394 kg | 5h 36m |
| Edinburgh | 1,891 km | 87.6 kg | 28h | 476 kg | 6h |
| Frankfurt | 1,835 km | 54.2 kg | 23h | 462 kg | 5h 54m |
| Glasgow | 1,865 km | 89.4 kg | 28h 12m | 469 kg | 6h |
| Leeds | 1,700 km | 66.6 kg | 25h 54m | 428 kg | 5h 48m |
| Liverpool | 1,626 km | 67.8 kg | 25h 54m | 409 kg | 5h 42m |
| London | 1,516 km | 44.7 kg | 22h 18m | 381 kg | 5h 30m |
| Madrid | 477 km | 14.1 kg | 8h 54m | 120 kg | 4h 6m |
| Manchester | 1,650 km | 65.8 kg | 25h 48m | 415 kg | 5h 42m |
| Milan | 1,643 km | 48.5 kg | 25h 18m | 413 kg | 5h 42m |
| Munich | 1,917 km | 56.6 kg | 25h 6m | 482 kg | 6h 6m |
| Newcastle | 1,820 km | 76.7 kg | 26h 30m | 458 kg | 5h 54m |
| Nottingham | 1,625 km | 58.8 kg | 25h 24m | 409 kg | 5h 42m |
| Oslo | 2,669 km | 78.8 kg | 40h 36m | 671 kg | 7h 6m |
| Paris | 1,391 km | 41.1 kg | 17h 54m | 350 kg | 5h 24m |
| Prague | 2,193 km | 64.7 kg | 31h 54m | 552 kg | 6h 24m |
| Rome | 1,842 km | 54.4 kg | 28h 36m | 463 kg | 6h |
| Sheffield | 1,660 km | 63.0 kg | 25h 42m | 418 kg | 5h 42m |
| Southampton | 1,413 km | 53.7 kg | 25h | 356 kg | 5h 24m |
| Stockholm | 2,924 km | 86.3 kg | 39h 54m | 735 kg | 7h 24m |
| Vienna | 2,255 km | 66.5 kg | 30h 12m | 567 kg | 6h 30m |
| Warsaw | 2,708 km | 79.9 kg | 35h 30m | 681 kg | 7h 6m |
| Zurich | 1,676 km | 49.4 kg | 23h 24m | 421 kg | 5h 42m |
The year in Caldas da Rainha
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp °C | 12.1 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 16.0 | 16.9 | 18.8 | 19.5 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 18.8 | 15.8 | 12.0 |
| Sun h/day | 7.3 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 11.2 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 11.7 | 10.8 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 7.5 |
| Rain mm/day | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 1.2 |
| Sea °C | 15.8 | 15.4 | 15.0 | 16.1 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 18.2 | 17.9 | 19.4 | 18.1 | 16.7 |
When to go
Caldas da Rainha is warmest in August at 20.0 °C but brightest in July, averaging 12.9 hours of sun a day — the two do not always coincide, which is worth knowing before booking. Its coldest is December at 12.0 °C.
Three months worth booking
The same year of measurements, decided rather than tabulated. Each opens the map below on dates in that month.
Staying there
A hotel room in Portugal emits about 19 kg CO₂e per night under UK Government 2026 factors — a country average per occupied room, not this or any particular hotel. 7 nights in one room adds roughly 133 kg — about 9.4× the carbon of one person getting there by rail from Madrid. Two sharing the room halve that share each; the journey does not halve.
How busy it gets
Oeste records 5.6 overnight stays per resident a year (2,233,841 nights in 2025). Comparatively quiet by European standards.
Eurostat, nights spent at tourist accommodation by NUTS 3 region, against resident population. Shown for context only — it plays no part in which destinations appear or in what order. Eurostat does not cover the United Kingdom after 2016, nor North Africa or the Levant at all, so this figure is absent for roughly a third of the destinations here.
Where to stay in Caldas da Rainha
Places to stay in Caldas da Rainha, Portugal, on a live map. Prices and availability come from Stay22 and its booking partners.
Search places to stay in Caldas da Rainha →Opens the booking search in a new tab. Same partners as the map below.
Affiliate disclosure. A booking made through this map may earn 0xCarbon a commission, at no extra cost to you. It changes nothing above it: the emissions figures come from UK Government conversion factors and are computed before anyone is paid anything.See the method.
Distances are great-circle. Rail assumes international rail at 0.01135 kg CO₂e per passenger-km with a 1.3× track detour allowance; flights use 0.12576 kg per passenger-km including radiative forcing. Journey times are modelled, not timetabled. Full method.