Livorno
Reaching Livorno from Milan emits 6.8 kg CO₂e return by rail (5h 12m each way) against 58.3 kg by air — 9× the carbon. It averages 26.2 °C in August and 8.7 °C in December.
Getting there
| From | Distance | By rail | Rail time | By air | Air time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam | 1,061 km | 31.3 kg | 16h 30m | 267 kg | 4h 54m |
| Barcelona | 711 km | 21.0 kg | 11h 42m | 179 kg | 4h 24m |
| Berlin | 1,024 km | 30.2 kg | 16h | 258 kg | 4h 54m |
| Birmingham | 1,344 km | 47.9 kg | 20h 24m | 338 kg | 5h 18m |
| Bristol | 1,307 km | 48.6 kg | 20h 30m | 329 kg | 5h 12m |
| Brussels | 929 km | 27.4 kg | 14h 42m | 234 kg | 4h 42m |
| Cardiff | 1,341 km | 51.8 kg | 21h 6m | 337 kg | 5h 18m |
| Copenhagen | 1,358 km | 40.1 kg | 20h 36m | 342 kg | 5h 18m |
| Dublin | 1,630 km | — | — | 410 kg | 5h 42m |
| Edinburgh | 1,681 km | 77.8 kg | 25h 30m | 423 kg | 5h 42m |
| Frankfurt | 741 km | 21.9 kg | 12h 6m | 186 kg | 4h 30m |
| Glasgow | 1,718 km | 79.5 kg | 25h 48m | 432 kg | 5h 48m |
| Leeds | 1,431 km | 56.7 kg | 21h 54m | 360 kg | 5h 24m |
| Lisbon | 1,712 km | 50.5 kg | 25h 24m | 431 kg | 5h 48m |
| Liverpool | 1,467 km | 57.9 kg | 22h 6m | 369 kg | 5h 30m |
| London | 1,181 km | 34.9 kg | 18h 12m | 297 kg | 5h 6m |
| Madrid | 1,209 km | 35.7 kg | 18h 30m | 304 kg | 5h 6m |
| Manchester | 1,437 km | 55.9 kg | 21h 42m | 361 kg | 5h 24m |
| Milan | 232 km | 6.8 kg | 5h 12m | 58.3 kg | 3h 48m |
| Munich | 520 km | 15.3 kg | 9h 6m | 131 kg | 4h 12m |
| Newcastle | 1,534 km | 66.8 kg | 23h 36m | 386 kg | 5h 30m |
| Nottingham | 1,345 km | 48.9 kg | 20h 36m | 338 kg | 5h 18m |
| Oslo | 1,820 km | 53.7 kg | 26h 54m | 458 kg | 5h 54m |
| Paris | 851 km | 25.1 kg | 13h 36m | 214 kg | 4h 36m |
| Prague | 791 km | 23.3 kg | 12h 48m | 199 kg | 4h 36m |
| Rome | 256 km | 7.6 kg | 5h 30m | 64.4 kg | 3h 48m |
| Sheffield | 1,394 km | 53.1 kg | 21h 18m | 351 kg | 5h 24m |
| Southampton | 1,203 km | 43.8 kg | 19h 42m | 303 kg | 5h 6m |
| Stockholm | 1,833 km | 54.1 kg | 27h 6m | 461 kg | 5h 54m |
| Vienna | 698 km | 20.6 kg | 11h 36m | 176 kg | 4h 24m |
| Warsaw | 1,249 km | 36.9 kg | 19h 6m | 314 kg | 5h 12m |
| Zurich | 447 km | 13.2 kg | 8h 6m | 112 kg | 4h 6m |
The year in Livorno
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp °C | 9.0 | 9.5 | 12.1 | 13.6 | 17.5 | 21.6 | 25.8 | 26.2 | 21.5 | 18.8 | 12.9 | 8.7 |
| Sun h/day | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.9 | 11.4 | 11.3 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 10.3 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 6.2 |
| Rain mm/day | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 8.9 | 3.8 | 2.3 |
When to go
Livorno is warmest in August at 26.2 °C but brightest in July, averaging 14.0 hours of sun a day — the two do not always coincide, which is worth knowing before booking. Its coldest is December at 8.7 °C.
Staying there
A hotel room in Italy emits about 14.3 kg CO₂e per night under UK Government 2026 factors, so a week adds roughly 100 kg — about 14.7× the carbon of getting there by rail from Milan.
How busy it gets
Livorno records 34.9 overnight stays per resident a year (11,376,271 nights in 2025). That is heavy tourist pressure — among the densest in Europe.
Eurostat, nights spent at tourist accommodation by NUTS 3 region, against resident population. Shown for context only — it plays no part in which destinations appear or in what order. Eurostat does not cover the United Kingdom after 2016, nor North Africa or the Levant at all, so this figure is absent for roughly a third of the destinations here.
Where to stay in Livorno
Places to stay in Livorno, Italy, on a live map. Prices and availability come from Stay22 and its booking partners.
Affiliate disclosure. A booking made through this map may earn 0xCarbon a commission, at no extra cost to you. It changes nothing above it: the emissions figures come from UK Government conversion factors and are computed before anyone is paid anything.See the method.
Distances are great-circle. Rail assumes international rail at 0.01135 kg CO₂e per passenger-km with a 1.3× track detour allowance; flights use 0.12576 kg per passenger-km including radiative forcing. Journey times are modelled, not timetabled. Full method.