Livorno
Reaching Livorno from London emits 34.9 kg CO₂e return by rail (15h 48m each way) against 297 kg by air — 9× the carbon. It averages 26.2 °C in August and 8.7 °C in December.
When to go: Livorno is warmest in August (26.2 °C), sunniest in July (14.0 h a day); coldest in December (8.7 °C). Month by month
Getting there
| From | Distance | By rail | Rail time | By air | Air time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam | 1,061 km | 31.3 kg | 16h 12m | 267 kg | 4h 54m |
| Barcelona | 711 km | 21.0 kg | 12h 18m | 179 kg | 4h 24m |
| Berlin | 1,024 km | 30.2 kg | 13h 54m | 258 kg | 4h 54m |
| Birmingham | 1,344 km | 47.9 kg | 18h 30m | 338 kg | 5h 18m |
| Bristol | 1,307 km | 48.6 kg | 18h 48m | 329 kg | 5h 12m |
| Brussels | 929 km | 27.4 kg | 14h 18m | 234 kg | 4h 42m |
| Cardiff | 1,341 km | 51.8 kg | 19h 6m | 337 kg | 5h 18m |
| Copenhagen | 1,358 km | 40.1 kg | 21h 36m | 342 kg | 5h 18m |
| Dublin | 1,630 km | — | — | 410 kg | 5h 42m |
| Edinburgh | 1,681 km | 77.8 kg | 21h 30m | 423 kg | 5h 42m |
| Frankfurt | 741 km | 21.9 kg | 12h 24m | 186 kg | 4h 30m |
| Glasgow | 1,718 km | 79.5 kg | 21h 42m | 432 kg | 5h 48m |
| Leeds | 1,431 km | 56.7 kg | 19h 24m | 360 kg | 5h 24m |
| Lisbon | 1,712 km | 50.5 kg | 26h 42m | 431 kg | 5h 48m |
| Liverpool | 1,467 km | 57.9 kg | 19h 24m | 369 kg | 5h 30m |
| London | 1,181 km | 34.9 kg | 15h 48m | 297 kg | 5h 6m |
| Madrid | 1,209 km | 35.7 kg | 15h 24m | 304 kg | 5h 6m |
| Manchester | 1,437 km | 55.9 kg | 19h 18m | 361 kg | 5h 24m |
| Milan | 232 km | 6.8 kg | 4h 54m | 58.3 kg | 3h 48m |
| Munich | 520 km | 15.3 kg | 9h 30m | 131 kg | 4h 12m |
| Newcastle | 1,534 km | 66.8 kg | 20h | 386 kg | 5h 30m |
| Nottingham | 1,345 km | 48.9 kg | 18h 54m | 338 kg | 5h 18m |
| Oslo | 1,820 km | 53.7 kg | 28h 18m | 458 kg | 5h 54m |
| Paris | 851 km | 25.1 kg | 11h 30m | 214 kg | 4h 36m |
| Prague | 791 km | 23.3 kg | 13h 24m | 199 kg | 4h 36m |
| Rome | 256 km | 7.6 kg | 4h 48m | 64.4 kg | 3h 48m |
| Sheffield | 1,394 km | 53.1 kg | 19h 12m | 351 kg | 5h 24m |
| Southampton | 1,203 km | 43.8 kg | 18h 30m | 303 kg | 5h 6m |
| Stockholm | 1,833 km | 54.1 kg | 26h 36m | 461 kg | 5h 54m |
| Vienna | 698 km | 20.6 kg | 12h 6m | 176 kg | 4h 24m |
| Warsaw | 1,249 km | 36.9 kg | 19h 42m | 314 kg | 5h 12m |
| Zurich | 447 km | 13.2 kg | 8h 30m | 112 kg | 4h 6m |
The year in Livorno
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp °C | 9.0 | 9.5 | 12.1 | 13.6 | 17.5 | 21.6 | 25.8 | 26.2 | 21.5 | 18.8 | 12.9 | 8.7 |
| Sun h/day | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.9 | 11.4 | 11.3 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 10.3 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 6.2 |
| Rain mm/day | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 8.9 | 3.8 | 2.3 |
| Sea °C | 15.1 | 14.0 | 14.2 | 15.6 | 18.2 | 22.4 | 26.1 | 27.0 | 24.6 | 22.2 | 19.1 | 16.3 |
When to go
Livorno is warmest in August at 26.2 °C but brightest in July, averaging 14.0 hours of sun a day — the two do not always coincide, which is worth knowing before booking. Its coldest is December at 8.7 °C.
Three months worth booking
The same year of measurements, decided rather than tabulated. Each opens the map below on dates in that month.
Staying there
A hotel room in Italy emits about 14.3 kg CO₂e per night under UK Government 2026 factors — a country average per occupied room, not this or any particular hotel. 7 nights in one room adds roughly 100 kg — about 14.7× the carbon of one person getting there by rail from Milan. Two sharing the room halve that share each; the journey does not halve.
How busy it gets
Livorno records 34.9 overnight stays per resident a year (11,376,271 nights in 2025). That is heavy tourist pressure — among the densest in Europe.
Eurostat, nights spent at tourist accommodation by NUTS 3 region, against resident population. Shown for context only — it plays no part in which destinations appear or in what order. Eurostat does not cover the United Kingdom after 2016, nor North Africa or the Levant at all, so this figure is absent for roughly a third of the destinations here.
Where to stay in Livorno
Places to stay in Livorno, Italy, on a live map. Prices and availability come from Stay22 and its booking partners.
Search places to stay in Livorno →Opens the booking search in a new tab. Same partners as the map below.
Affiliate disclosure. A booking made through this map may earn 0xCarbon a commission, at no extra cost to you. It changes nothing above it: the emissions figures come from UK Government conversion factors and are computed before anyone is paid anything.See the method.
Distances are great-circle. Rail assumes international rail at 0.01135 kg CO₂e per passenger-km with a 1.3× track detour allowance; flights use 0.12576 kg per passenger-km including radiative forcing. Journey times are modelled, not timetabled. Full method.