Lisbon
Reaching Lisbon from Madrid emits 14.9 kg CO₂e return by rail (8h 54m each way) against 127 kg by air — 8× the carbon. It averages 23.3 °C in August and 12.1 °C in December.
Getting there
| From | Distance | By rail | Rail time | By air | Air time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amsterdam | 1,863 km | 55.0 kg | 27h 30m | 469 kg | 6h |
| Barcelona | 1,006 km | 29.7 kg | 15h 48m | 253 kg | 4h 48m |
| Berlin | 2,313 km | 68.3 kg | 33h 42m | 582 kg | 6h 36m |
| Birmingham | 1,628 km | 59.8 kg | 25h 54m | 410 kg | 5h 42m |
| Bristol | 1,505 km | 60.5 kg | 26h | 378 kg | 5h 30m |
| Brussels | 1,713 km | 50.5 kg | 25h 24m | 431 kg | 5h 48m |
| Cardiff | 1,492 km | 63.8 kg | 26h 36m | 375 kg | 5h 30m |
| Copenhagen | 2,478 km | 73.1 kg | 35h 54m | 623 kg | 6h 48m |
| Dublin | 1,639 km | — | — | 412 kg | 5h 42m |
| Edinburgh | 1,966 km | 89.7 kg | 31h | 494 kg | 6h 6m |
| Frankfurt | 1,891 km | 55.8 kg | 27h 54m | 476 kg | 6h |
| Glasgow | 1,940 km | 91.4 kg | 31h 18m | 488 kg | 6h 6m |
| Leeds | 1,772 km | 68.6 kg | 27h 24m | 446 kg | 5h 54m |
| Liverpool | 1,699 km | 69.8 kg | 27h 36m | 427 kg | 5h 48m |
| London | 1,585 km | 46.8 kg | 23h 42m | 399 kg | 5h 36m |
| Madrid | 503 km | 14.9 kg | 8h 54m | 127 kg | 4h 12m |
| Manchester | 1,723 km | 67.8 kg | 27h 18m | 433 kg | 5h 48m |
| Milan | 1,683 km | 49.7 kg | 25h | 423 kg | 5h 42m |
| Munich | 1,964 km | 58.0 kg | 28h 54m | 494 kg | 6h 6m |
| Newcastle | 1,893 km | 78.8 kg | 29h 6m | 476 kg | 6h |
| Nottingham | 1,697 km | 60.9 kg | 26h 6m | 427 kg | 5h 48m |
| Oslo | 2,738 km | 80.8 kg | 39h 30m | 689 kg | 7h 12m |
| Paris | 1,453 km | 42.9 kg | 21h 54m | 365 kg | 5h 24m |
| Prague | 2,243 km | 66.2 kg | 32h 42m | 564 kg | 6h 30m |
| Rome | 1,865 km | 55.0 kg | 27h 30m | 469 kg | 6h |
| Sheffield | 1,732 km | 65.1 kg | 26h 48m | 436 kg | 5h 48m |
| Southampton | 1,484 km | 55.7 kg | 25h 12m | 373 kg | 5h 30m |
| Stockholm | 2,989 km | 88.2 kg | 42h 54m | 752 kg | 7h 30m |
| Vienna | 2,299 km | 67.8 kg | 33h 30m | 578 kg | 6h 36m |
| Warsaw | 2,759 km | 81.4 kg | 39h 48m | 694 kg | 7h 12m |
| Zurich | 1,723 km | 50.9 kg | 25h 36m | 434 kg | 5h 48m |
The year in Lisbon
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp °C | 12.3 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 17.1 | 18.3 | 20.7 | 22.3 | 23.3 | 20.7 | 19.3 | 16.0 | 12.1 |
| Sun h/day | 7.5 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 12.6 | 13.3 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 7.8 |
| Rain mm/day | 2.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 0.8 |
When to go
Lisbon is warmest in August at 23.3 °C but brightest in July, averaging 13.3 hours of sun a day — the two do not always coincide, which is worth knowing before booking. Its coldest is December at 12.1 °C.
Staying there
A hotel room in Portugal emits about 19 kg CO₂e per night under UK Government 2026 factors, so a week adds roughly 133 kg — about 8.9× the carbon of getting there by rail from Madrid.
How busy it gets
Grande Lisboa records 9.3 overnight stays per resident a year (20,027,552 nights in 2025). A well-visited region, busy in season but not overwhelmed.
Eurostat, nights spent at tourist accommodation by NUTS 3 region, against resident population. Shown for context only — it plays no part in which destinations appear or in what order. Eurostat does not cover the United Kingdom after 2016, nor North Africa or the Levant at all, so this figure is absent for roughly a third of the destinations here.
Where to stay in Lisbon
Places to stay in Lisbon, Portugal, on a live map. Prices and availability come from Stay22 and its booking partners.
Affiliate disclosure. A booking made through this map may earn 0xCarbon a commission, at no extra cost to you. It changes nothing above it: the emissions figures come from UK Government conversion factors and are computed before anyone is paid anything.See the method.
Distances are great-circle. Rail assumes international rail at 0.01135 kg CO₂e per passenger-km with a 1.3× track detour allowance; flights use 0.12576 kg per passenger-km including radiative forcing. Journey times are modelled, not timetabled. Full method.